Economic Factors Essay Example

Economic Factors Essay Turkey has many market drivers that make it an ideal location currently for property investment. Here we look at some of the reasons why Turkey is one of the world’s hottest investment property locations. * Excellent capital growth projections of around 25% per annum Land prices in Turkey have risen in recent years and, in many cases, doubled. In 2005 to 2006, property prices have risen by 25–40%. Recent research shows that by comparison investments made since 1994 have yielded the following average returns: * Stock market 18% (gross) * Turkish property 568% (net) * Pension plans significant loss (net) (Source: invest-in-turkey. co. uk) * In the opinion of ‘A place in the Sun’ in the October 2004 edition of their magazine, price increases in beach areas are expected to rise initially by 50% and then over the next two to three years by 100%. Taking an average of 25% capital growth, a property purchased at GBP 60,000 with sustained growth over five years wi ll have a market value of GBP 183,105, entailing a huge 305% return on investment. Turkey is just entering the EU process Turkey is currently at the very start of the long road to possible EU inclusion, meaning there are still another 5-10 years before prices rise substantially. Prior to EU membership, there are many factors yet to be discussed and many of Turkey’s issues that need to be corrected before incorporation will be seriously considered. However Turkey has some strong backers for its entry and when it does get accepted into the EU, it is reasonable to expect the price of property to rise greatly in line with a huge surge in tourism. Many investors are purchasing in Turkey with EU inclusion as a major driving force, while looking to take advantage of the current low property prices and growing rental market. Turkey is at the brink of a property boom We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With so many indicators, many of which are outlined on this page, its clear to see that Turkey is at the beginning of a property boom. A boom period generally indicates a time when demand for property outstrips supply. This is currently the situation in Turkey especially in the major investment areas such as Bodrum, Istanbul and Dalaman. Turkish economy is very strong with 5. 5% GDP growth in 2005 The Turkish economy is currently very strong and undergoing much growth. After an average growth of only 2. 8 % for ten years from 1993 to 2002, Turkey was able to achieve a growth rate of 5. % in 2003 and a substantially higher rate in 2004. Turkey now has the 22nd largest economy in the world. Excellent value front line properties with high capital growth potential What is really attracting interest from international property investors is the current value for money of properties in Turkey. The Turkish market still offers excellent quality properties at prices that most other locations o f a similar calibre could not offer 10 years ago. These prices, combined with the outstanding expected growth and powered by strong market drivers, offer property investors a unique opportunity. Over 25 million tourists visit Turkey each year and boost the property market A major indication of the current state of any property market is the tourist trade. In Turkey the tourist market is expanding massively as the country gains more exposure in the international press. The possibility of it becoming an EU member country is slowly beginning to take hold. Current demand for Turkey is reflected in the 25 million tourists it attracts per annum. This translates into solid rental yields by buy-to-let investors who purchase in the best tourist locations. Golf tourism evolving in Antalya, making golf investments more valuable Golf has been a strong market driver in many successful property markets around the world for many years. Spain has used golf to generate a very strong secondary season with thousands of golfers flocking to its shores to play golf during a time when they can’t play their sport at home. With golf being so popular around the world many developments are now being constructed around or near golfing facilities. Turkey and namely Antalya is no different. Turkey offers a modern infrastructure Many emerging markets have limited infrastructure and this is always a roblem that can stunt development. However Turkey has a solid and modern infrastructure that is rapidly growing in line with its economy, tourism and property markets. Turkey is considered to be a highly dynamic country by the World Trade Organisation Turkey is a dynamic and emerging country equipped with a network of well-developed infrastructure and a g lobally competitive work force. Its unique position at the crossroads of the world trade routes and its proximity to the developing energy producing areas in the Caspian and Central Asia are factors that further raise its economic potential for the coming years. Turkey is also home to a thriving tourist industry and a fast growing property market, attracting huge international interest. Property prices are on the increase Land prices in Turkey are said to have doubled over the last 2 years. â€Å"A property that cost ? 35,000 in 2004 but starts from about ? 60,000 shows that prices have increased by as much as 30% in some areas but the build quality is of a high standard and, relatively speaking,  property in Turkey  remains a bargain. † (The Times Online February 2005). No capital gains tax Turkey also offers some tax incentives that are of high interest to property investors, such as its regulations regarding capital gains tax. If you sell your property after four years, there is no capital gains tax. Property that is sold before the period is over will be charged at the standard rate of income tax (between 15% and 35%), calculated on the difference between the buying and selling price. General economic overview The Turkish economy is composed of a mix of industry and commerce. Along with a traditional agriculture sector that still accounts for more than 35% of employment, it has a strong and rapidly growing private sector. However, the State still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The largest industrial sector is textiles and clothing, which accounts for one-third of industrial employment; it faces stiff competition in international markets with the end of the global quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive and electronics industries, are rising in importance within Turkeys export mix. In 2004 GDP growth reached 9%. Inflation fell to 7. 7% in 2005 a 30-year low. Turkey offers a very competitive cost of living. This is another driving factor for tourists and those looking to re-locate. Money still goes much further in the warmer Turkish environment. A beer will cost you about â‚ ¬0. 60 and a meal in a restaurant starts at about â‚ ¬8. 00. (2005 Turkish Embassy information). INFORMATION ON TURKEY Turkish economy which is the 17th largest economy in the world, according to World Bank rankings with a GDP of US$800 billion. Turkeys dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that still accounts for about 25% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, and while the state remains a major participant in basic industry, banking, transport and communication, this role has been diminishing as Turkeys privatization program continues. Turkey is becoming increasingly appealing to foreign investors backed by positive macroeconomic trends and successive rounds of structural reforms realized in the past few years. General facts about Turkey Economy After a deep economic crisis in 2001, the Turkish economy entered into a rapid recovery period and grew 6. % annually on average and almost 50% cumulatively, from 2002 to 2007. Structural reforms, prudent macroeconomic policies, political stabilization and favourable conditions in international markets played an important role in this high growth performance. With the starting of the EU membership negotiation process on 3rd  of October, the EU perspective has strengthened and this contributed a more positive economic and political environment i n Turkey. This process also meant more harmonization with the EU laws and regulations that could boost further FDI flows to Turkey in the following years. The growth was expected to continue as long as Turkey remained strictly tied to the IMF-backed economic program but after twenty-seven straight quarters of positive growth, the Turkish economy contracted in Q4 2008. In September 2009, the Turkish government revised down its economic growth forecast to a 6% contraction for 2009 and 3. 5% growth in 2010. As of 2008, GDP amounted to roughly US$800 billion, making Turkey the 17th  largest economy in the world, according to World Bank rankings. The stock value of FDI stood at more than $180 billion at year-end 2009. Privatization sales are currently approaching $39 billion. Oil began to flow through the Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to 1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines also are being planned to help move Central Asian gas to Europe via Turkey. Financial markets and banking system also weathered the 2009 global financial crisis and did not suffer significant declines due to banking and structural reforms implemented during the countrys own financial crisis in 2001. Economic fundamentals are sound, but the Turkish economy has been facing more negative economic indicators in 2010 as the global economic slowdown continues to curb demand for Turkish exports. On the 1st  of January 2005, 6 digits (zeros) were dropped from the Turkish Lira (TL) denominations. Together with the TL, Kurus (Kr), which is a hundredth of TL 1, has become in use again. Income Distribution of income is relatively skewed with more than half of all income earned by the richest 20% of Turkish households. This distribution is more uneven in urban areas than in rural areas. One of the reasons for this inequality is the unemployment problem. As in many countries, creating jobs for a fast growing population is a major problem. Demography The population of Turkey is 72 million. Compared to other countries, Turkeys population is relatively young where about 37 million people are under the age of 35 and 40% are under the age of fifteen. The household number is around 17 million and the local civilian work force is about 25 million. The birth rate and the rate of population increase are high compared to many European countries. These factors make Turkey a promising market for many product and service sectors. Istanbul As Turkey’s major commercial center, Istanbul is home to half of Turkey’s top 500 companies and all of the country’s major media and advertising groups. It’s logistic and business links to the Black Sea and Central Asia, easy international access via air, sea, rail and road which make it easier to roll out a product from Istanbul to other parts of Turkey, are among the factors which make Istanbul one of the most promising cities in the world. Turkey Trade, Exports and Imports After experiencing an  economic  boom during 2002-2007, Turkey’s economy took a beating in 2008, following the global financial meltdown. One of the major issues that the country is facing is the declining exports to European countries. Turkey’s trade, exports and imports  were hit badly in the year 2008, when the trade deficit stood at -31%. Turkey has diversified its  economy  in the 2000s, following an active participation in exports to Europe and other Asian countries. The Turkish industry of late has started looking beyond the Middle East, but still lags behind its European counterparts. The industrial share of the Gross National Product (GNP) stood at 30% as of 2Q2009. Turkey’s major export products include clothes, electronics, automobiles and agricultural products. Other major products exported from Turkey include iron and steel, mineral fuels and oil, precious stones and tobacco. On the other hand, the major import  commodities  for Turkey include electrical equipment, mechanical appliances, optical instruments, iron and steel, and pharmaceutical products. Turkey’s major import partners are the USA, Russia, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland and the UK. Oil exports from Turkey in 2008 stood at 141,700 b/d, with oil imports at 783,800 b/d in the same period. The total exports amounted to $111 billion in 2009, which fell from its 2008 estimates of $140. 7 billion. The total  importsamounted to $134. 2 billion, according to the 2009 estimates, which again fell from the 2008 estimates of $193. 9 billion. Turkey Trade, Exports and Imports: Alternatives Turkey has started to explore alternative markets to counter the effects of the  financial  crisis. Exports to countries in Africa and Central Asia have increased tremendously. Trade with the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) has jumped by more than 50% in 2008. FDI from the Middle East countries increased to almost $2 billion in 2008. Exports to Iraq increased by 75% in 1Q2009, and  trade  relations with Africa are expected to strengthen in 2010. Turkey  (Turkish:  Turkiye), known officially as the  Republic of Turkey  (  Turkiye Cumhuriyeti  (help ·info)), is a  Eurasian  country  that stretches across the  Anatolian  peninsula in  western Asia  and  Thrace  in the  Balkan  region of  southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent  Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries:  Bulgaria  to the northwest;  Greece  to the west;  Georgia  to the northeast;Armenia,  Azerbaijan  (the  exclave  of  Nakhchivan) and  Iran  to the east; and  Iraq  and  Syria  to the southeast. The  Mediterranean Sea  andCyprus  are to the south; the  Aegean Sea  to the west; and the  Black Sea  is to the north. The  Sea of Marmara, the  Bosphorus  and theDardanelles  (which together form the  Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between  Eastern Thrace  and  Anatolia; they also separateEurope  and  Asia. [6]  Turkeys location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. [7][8] The predominant religion by number of people is  Islamabout 97% of the population, the second by number of people is  Christianity0,6%, according to the  World Christian Encyclopedia. 9]  The countrys official language is  Turkish, whereas  Kurdish  and  Zazaki  languages are spoken by  Kurds  and  Zazas, who comprise 18% of the population. [10] Turks  began migrating into the area now called Turkey (land of the Turks) in the eleventh century. The process was greatly accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the  Byzantine Empire  at the  Battle of Manzikert[11]. Several small  beyliks  and the  Seljuk Sultanate of Rum  ruled Anatolia until the  Mongol Empires invasion. Starting from the thirteenth century, the  Ottoman beylik  united Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. After the  Ottoman Empire  collapsed following its defeat inWorld War I, parts of it were occupied by the victorious  Allies. A cadre of young military officers, led by  Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, organized a successful resistance to the Allies; in 1923, they would establish the modern Republic of Turkey with Ataturk as its first president. Turkey is a  democratic,  secular,  unitary,  constitutional republic, with an ancient cultural heritage. Turkey has become increasingly integrated with the  West  through membership in organizations such as the  Council of Europe,  NATO,  OECD,  OSCE  and the  G-20 major economies. Turkey began  full membership negotiations  with the  European Union  in 2005, having been an  associate member  of theEuropean Economic Community  since 1963 and having reached a  customs union agreement  in 1995. Turkey has also fostered close cultural, political, economic and industrial relations with the  Middle East, the  Turkic states  of  Central Asia  and the  African  countries through membership in organizations such as the  Organisation of the Islamic Conference  and the  Economic Cooperation Organization. Given its strategic location, large economy and army, Turkey is classified as a  regional power. [12][13]

Production Management †Engineers Point of View Case Study

Production Management – Engineers Point of View Case Study Introduction Every company must have a mission statement. A mission statement shows direction of the company. Moreover, it ensures that objectives of the company align with its mission. This paper will explore Toyota’s mission statement. It will also investigate if its strategies are aligned with the mission statement.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Production Management – Engineer’s Point of View: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mission statement A Mission statement provides direction for a company. This is essential in defining its objectives as well as strategies. Toyota is an automobile manufacturing company. Its mission statement is to move people in a better way. Precisely, it has a global mission. Its mission states â€Å"Toyota will lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people.† Current strategies The company has established numerous strategies to pursue its Global mission, these include: Commitment to quality Respect for planet Constant innovation The company has utilized these strategies with a view to reaching its mission statement. Discussion Toyota has presence all over the world. In fact, the company has continued to provide affordable quality automobiles to its range of customers. Moreover, it has implemented flexible structures that enable it to reach out to different groups of customers. For instance, the company has introduced Toyota certified used automobiles for its low-income customers. The first strategy employed by Toyota is to commit to quality. Toyota has an operation segment that designs and supplies quality automobile to its customers. Toyota conducts quality assessment on its products to ensure compliance with the latest regulation on safety and quality. Moreover, the company has employed mechanisms to communicate with their customers and dealers with a view to ensuring quality of automobiles. Recent recall of specific brands of Toyota automobiles is an evidence of commitment to quality, even after sales.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This strategy has ensured that Toyota command the world’s market in volume of sales. This strategy therefore goes a long way in strengthening its mission statement of moving people in a better way.  The second strategy is to commit to constant innovation. The world is ever changing with various technological advances aimed at making life easy, being explored. Toyota has committed its finances in research and development to improving and innovating new technologies for better automobiles. In essence, the company spends on research and development for innovation with a view to improving ways of moving people. This strategy aligns with the companyâ₠¬â„¢s mission since it aims to give people better technology that moves them in a better way. The third strategy is to commit to respect for planet. The planet is faced with increasing challenges with regard to its conservation. Issues such as global warming, among others, have put pressure in companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Toyota is committed to this initiative. In fact, the company has proved this by manufacturing environment friendly automobiles. Moreover, it has made steps to contribute to environmental conservation efforts through participation and contribution. This shows that the company values its community and aims to move them in a better way as confirmed in the mission statement. Conclusion Toyota has a mission aimed at bettering the movement of its customers. This has enabled them to establish mission friendly strategies namely, commitment to innovation, quality and the planet. Toyota is therefore committed to its mission statement through the strategies e mployed above.

The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth Dissertation

The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth - Dissertation Example The author of the essay "The Effects of The Financial Crisis of 2008 on the UK Economic Growth" begins with short abstract and introduction. The author mentions that the financial crisis of 2008, also known as the great recession is considered by a number of economists as being the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression in 1930. Leading to the collapse of a number of financial institutions, bailout of banks and downfall in the stock markets it reflected through the growth and development of many of the advanced, developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. It significantly hit the housing market of nations, resulted in many evictions and foreclosures and high and prolonged unemployment too. The present project seeks to bring forth the impacts of the financial crisis on the economic growth of United Kingdom. Economic activity in the United Kingdom faced a downfall during the first half of 2008 and finally came to a standstill till its end. Initially a small stimulus was provided by the government; however, with the gathering momentum of the financial crisis, UK’s labor market dramatically weakened finally leading to a considerable extent of unemployment. The project seeks to bring forth the evaluation of the financial crisis of 2008 on the economic growth of United Kingdom. In the end, the author sums up that even though the fall in employment levels during the crisis of 2008 was much lower compared to the previous phases of recession, the impact on the nation’s growth was found to be significant.

Turkey and the Kurdish today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Turkey and the Kurdish today - Essay Example Civil uprisings have often taken place leading to deaths of thousands of people, most of them being Kurds and members of KPP. However, recent attempts by Premier Egrogan to bridge the gap between the Kurds and the Turkish armed forces have yielded positive results. This paper goes on to discuss the history of the Kurds in Turkey, how they have been treated over the period of time and what attempts have been made by the current government to solve this issue. Essay The Republic of Turkey, as it is officially known was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in first quarter of the nineteenth century. According the official census of 1990, the country has a population of fifty seven million people (Gunter, Michael M., 2007). Although ninety nine percent of the population in the country consists of Muslims, the rest one percent is also allowed complete freedom to carry on their religious and social activities just like their Muslim counterparts. The Kurds comprise of a significant number of pe ople in Turkey. Even though the national language of Turkey is Turkish, Kurds speak a different language which is a mixture Indo and European Languages. Discrimination against the Kurds has always been a key issue in this country and this community has been facing a hard time ever since the creation of the country. Kamal Ataturk in his life time did discuss the issue of Kurds at various special forums. In the Turkish parliament session he once said, â€Å"North of Kirkuk there are Kurds as there are Turks, and we never discriminated against them†. However the situation hasn’t been as good as it sounds. Even after eighty two years of independence, the fourteen million plus Kurds of Turkey have been facing a hard time - often being prejudiced against, kicked out of their homes and villages, tortured, raped and killed. To maintain their status quo, the Kurds have fought back time and again against the government. Although there have been various fights, none of them has b een as fierce as the one in 1984 by the banned organization called Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Over the years these fights have resulted in thousands of deaths with almost forty thousand of them being of members of the PKK. The major reason for the conflict between the Turkish state and Kurds has been the call for a separate province. The Iraqi Kurds have always called for a separate province, Kurdistan, and just the mere existence of this word is a taboo for the Turkish state. The rationale behind this fear is that the creation of Kurdistan by the Iraqi Kurds can provoke the Turkish Kurds to rebel against the state and take with them bits of Turkish territory. For decades the Turkish government has seen the issue of Kurds as one of terrorism caused by the PKK. However it is very interesting to see that when various countries back the PKK (due to the fact that PKK is seen by others as a party fighting for the rights of the Kurds), the Turks say that this goes on to prove that no one really wants to see a healthy Turkish economy to grow into an European superpower. Even if all what is mentioned were to be true, factually Turkey is home to almost 17 million Kurds, many of them being those who don’t even support the PKK and its acts. It is also widely reported that Kurds have been treated very unfairly in Turkey. This point was proved when a report from The European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance spoke about injustices prevailing in Turkey. The report says that the Kurds’

Various styles of poetry writing Essay Example for Free

Various styles of poetry writing Essay Throughout the decades that have past, we as literary pupils have come to embrace the fact that there are indeed numerous styles, tones, and methods of which one could go about writing. Familiarizing ones self with such methods is crucial before beginning to attempt to truly understand and appreciate the written word. This chillingly profound and exquisite piece of literature expressed by Thomas Hardy titled â€Å"The Convergence Of The Twain† demonstrates various, distinctive examples of the different methods and styles of poetry writing. For each word there is a meaning in poetry, and behind every meaning there has been a thought to derive that meaning. Among the most common and vital methods of writing associated with poetry that is used in this poem is known as diction. Diction is originally referring to the writers style of expression, meaning the way he expresses himself throughout the poem as well as his distinctive choices. Diction also refers to sense concerns and style, rather than word choice and style. Diction is used sparingly throughout this poem. Ever so often, it is believed that poetry should be heard clearly and precisely to its fullest extremity. Diction is a sensible way of allowing ones self to do so in literature. Another type of writing that is essential to the world of poetry is known as image or imagery, which is clear sharp language that will describe what is happening so the reader can get somewhat of a visualization of what is going on in the poem. â€Å" Jewels in joy designed To ravish the sensuous mind, Lie lightless, all their sparkles bleared and black and blind. Over the mirrors meant, To glass the opulent. † In this excerpt from the poem speaking of the devastating tragedy of the Titanic, Thomas Hardy uses words such as ravish and sensuous to depict a dramatic scene as the light that once sparkled over the vast and deep ocean has now faded into darkness. This visualization so carefully and beautifully described here is a perfect example for imagery, which is used vicariously throughout this piece. The dramatic veil that the writer drapes over this poem expels pure sorrow. This is yet another example of a common technique used in writing known as tone. The tone of a poem is the writers desired mood or setting for the piece. The ambiance must be just right for the reader to fully understand the message that is trying to be expressed. The tone of a poem also displays and encompasses the writers attitude toward the piece as well as the audience or readers. Without tone, or any of these styles of writing, the poem would, in fact, not be complete. There are many attitudes of which the tone of a poem can comply to. Informal, formal, serious, playful, somber, solemn, ironic, condescending, and many more. The tone or attitude for this poem is a combination of sorrowful and devastating. Without these different types of attitudes meant to spill off of the pages of any piece of literature, this poem would have no soul or emotion. And, as a lot of people should already be aware of, without such emotion or soul, a poem can prove to be extremely boring. Fortunately, adding tone to your piece can turn the entire thing around. Yet another vitally used form of writing that is often used and frequently used in â€Å"The Convergence Of The Twain† is known as connotation. Connotation refers to emotional expressions that are additionally added to any specific phrase or word in the piece. Connotation is also commonly known as emotional association with a specific word. All of these methods of writing are essential in poetically expressing ones self because they allow the displaying of ones true emotions and feelings behind the written word rather than just barren and empty words. Connotation is used a lot in poetry for this very reason. Another common method of writing that is used quite frequently is what is known as Irony. It is possible for irony to arise when there is a discordance of between ones actions and the results of these actions, most importantly if the result of this act is shocking or somewhat striking. Another way for it to seem to be ironic is if it is seen by an outside audience. For example, if a person is waiting for a taxi cab for fifteen minutes and finally decide to leave, then the person who was waiting behind them gets into a taxi that comes a second after the first person leaves, that is thought to be considered ironic. There is, in fact, irony in â€Å"The Convergence Of The Twain. † The irony here would be the fact that such a profound, strong and beautifully built ship that was thought to be so powerful and even unsinkable, does in fact, sink. There are different senses of irony, all of which revolve around the simple yet often disregarded fact that there is a perceived notion of a gap between an understanding of reality, or ones expectation of reality, and that of what actually happens. The different forms of irony include, Tragic, Socratic, and Cosmic irony. Tragic irony can occur in many shapes in forms. It can specifically occur when a character in the story is ignorant as the reader or audience has already began to foresee what is going to happen. This poem showed no true signs of tragic irony, although the story was, in fact, tragic, it does not imply with this method. Socratic irony often takes place when someone of high prestige pretends to be ignorant or foolish, to expose the foolishness of another person. Finally, Cosmic irony is when a higher being interferes or interacts with a characters life and creates ironic settings. This poem most certainly shows cosmic irony for the unsinkable ship to actually sink. In conclusion, there are many different styles and techniques for writing, all of which assist in detailing ones literature so it can be understood. Furthermore, these styles also help to engulf the literature with emotion and substance so that it pours from the pages, rather than just spills, making a mess. It is important to understand these different styles in order to truly appreciate the powerful and wondrous written word.

Essay --

Week 2: Discussion 1 – Bring Systems into Being Colorado Technical University CS672: Systems Engineering Methods Pooja Kattimani Instructor: Professor John King January 13, 2014 Bring Systems into Being What are some characteristics of human-made or engineered systems that distinguish it from natural system? The characteristics of human made systems which will distinguish from natural system are as follows: †¢ Human made systems are those systems which are brought into being by human intervention through components, attributes or relationships between them, whereas the natural systems are brought into being by a natural process. Example: example for human made systems is solution to flooding problem of Nile river, example for natural system are water cycle, food chain etc. †¢ Human made systems have some impact on natural world. Example: When Aswan Dam was built on Nile River, it had impact on the natural world. Problems such as rapid erosion of Nile delta, fishing industry was reduced in eastern Mediterranean etc. whereas Natural systems exhibit equilibrium and high degree of order Example water cycle. In natural system material flows are cyclic in nature. †¢ Human made systems are created by beginning with identifying the needs of customer and ending with phase out and disposal, whereas the natural systems have no dead ends and no wastes. 2. Pick a product, describe the enabling system that is required to bring it into being, and explain the importance of engineering the system and product together. Consider an automotive product to be developed in automotive industry. For most organizations lack of visibility of data, technology and people in the product development life cycle cause challenges to organizations. Use of... ...sons: †¢ Customer communication step in spiral model helps to know the needs of customer and gather complete requirements necessary to develop the system. †¢ In Spiral model there is avoidance of risk is enhanced because there is high amount of risk analysis. †¢ Software can be developed in the early stages of software development life cycle. †¢ It is good for larger projects because it is iterative process, when it proceeds through several stages of lifecycle, each time a different prototype is developed. Hence prototype can be evaluated for risk before proceeding to next step. †¢ Additional functionality can be added in later stages of development cycle if required. References Blanchard B. S. & Fabrycky W. J. (2011), Systems Engineering and Analysis, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Blanchard B. S. (2008), Systems Engineering Management, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Peer Gynt

Peer Gynt Response Paper The story of â€Å"Peer Gynt† helps explore the state of mind of the self throughout the adventures of Peer Gynt, it also projects the human soul beyond the limits of time. In Peer's words â€Å"I don't know what I'm looking for† (Ibsen ) show that he is a young man experimenting with life by taking on various roles and disguises. In this respect, the story of Peer Gynt can be read as a psychological drama. However, the presence of figures such as the trolls, the Boyg and sphinx illustrates that the play is also mythological. â€Å"Peer Gynt† is as well characterized by religious concerns and it is also metaphysical to some extent.This is pointed out through the way Peer lives through his dreams and attains salvation through Solveig. The first part of the play is Peer in his own society, an outcast, who needs to escape from a society that is restricting him. Weaving of tales is very important in this play since it is through his dreams th at Peer will become emperor of the world. Only Peer knows how to create an imaginative world. To get out of his present state of poverty, Peer Gynt resorts to tale-telling to uplift himself and his mother from the cruelty of society. People become what they are because of society and the way it functions.The international travels of Peer shows a man who yearns for freedom from home, and pursues his dreams of power, sexual fulfilment, never growing old. These are the dreams of most people. Peer Gynt's physical journey is also his mental journey through which he enters a process of discovering the human self. Peer's quest is not so specific and in his pursuit he ultimately comes face-to-face with the search for identity. Peer steals away Ingrid during her wedding ceremony, only to abuse her and discard her. After this pitiful act he is forced to flee the village.This leads Peer to descend into the world of the trolls, where he finds the Green Woman, the Troll King's Daughter. Descent in the world of the trolls, for Peer Gynt is the descent into an irrational world where only desires matter. The fact that Peer Gynt tries to to love the troll maidens so as to enter the troll kingdom shows that he is losing his bearings. There is a kind of beast or not civilized feeling which is represented through the trolls. Their world is the exact opposite of the world of morality. In act 2, we find Peer is simultaneously in the human world and the supernatural world (Solveig and the trolls).Ibsen's dramatic psychology also centers upon the figure of the troll who are extremely self-centred. In most humans there is a troll, and that Ibsen's play masterly shows this. This quote from the Boyg ,† He was too strong; women have saved him! † (Ibsen ) represents the better part of Peer's nature takes up to him when Solveig comes to him. Peer Gynt as a self can only trust his own goodness when that goodness is reflected in someone else. The fact that he goes to help his mom through death shows the positive aspect of his nature. As his mother dies, Peer, across language, takes her through an imaginative world by weaving a tale of beauty.The complex bond between mother and son is there through imagination. The bonds with his past are severed with the death of his mother. Solveig and Ase are symbolical of human ties which make Peer Gynt and they save his soul many a time. However, Peer enters the lowest pits of mental, physical and spiritual degeneration when he takes up the sea journey. Peer fills the air with exaggerated stories and complete untruths. The fourth act which opens in Morocco is dramatically highly entertaining and it introduces themes which have to do with international problems.It makes visible the gradual want of Peer Gynt to become the emperor of the world. He comes out as a cynical businessman. From the peak of success, he encounters opposition, greed and treachery. He falls to the depth of the materialistic business man (slave trade) which makes him lose his soul. Peer Gynt simultaneously enters the world of pyramids and the netherworld he has created by entering the asylum. It represents the irrational uniqueness he wanted to attain. The beauty and sanity of the world he left behind now become more apparent. As Peer journeys through a landscape of his own disordered and crazy imagination.Peer’s, progress through the world becomes a spiritual regression. Spiritual exhaustion becomes a manifest as paralyzed moral will, non-commitment to a set of values, as self-alienation, depersonalization. Duplication and regression are the conditions the spirit is doomed to if it accepts the troll condition of â€Å"to thyself be enough† instead of the human â€Å"to thyself be true. † (Ibsen ) The shock to see mental isolation of individuals, of death propels Peer Gynt to move upwards. They put him back on the route to return. Being true to yourself is to seek for autonomy.We must note the fact that when he is robbed of all his property, Peer prays to God for help and his yacht mysteriously blows up with all on board. This evokes a feeling of mysticism. Through the quote â€Å"My world is ugly and happiness over,† (Ibsen ) Peer looks back upon his wasted life and peels an onion, he lets each layer represent a different role he has played but finds no core. Peer finally discovers that his ‘true self' dissolved due to his self-seeking and ruinous lifestyle. By deserting family ties, Peer Gynt entered the worst stages of moral and physical decline.It is well known that it is relationships which make the identity, the self. Peer Gynt existed more genuinely in Solveig's imagination and it is because of her faith, hope and love that he does not go to hell. Redemption comes through the love of Solveig which has endured and remained pure and untainted. Around Peer Gynt, who is a mythical figure in Norway, is a world and its people and also native myths, politics and religion. The play is a huge journey which has psychology but it also explores other edges of life. Bibliography Ibsen , Henrik. Peer Gynt. Mineola : Dover publications, 2003. eBook.